International Journal of Research in Vocational Studies (IJRVOCAS)

Design and Construction of Lightweight Steel Roof Structure for Kaleles Sapi Kerapan Sumenep

2026-01-03T11:37:00+00:00

The need for efficient and environmentally friendly building construction demands innovation in material selection and structural design, including the use of lightweight steel roofs. This study aims to design a lightweight steel roof structure adopting the Kaleles Sapi Kerapan design in Sumenep that safely withstands loads, efficiently uses materials, and supports solar panel integration as an alternative energy source. The methodology includes literature study, geometry and material data collection, and numerical modeling using SAP2000 v22.0.0 Ultimate software with linear static analysis according to SNI 7971:2013. Loads analyzed include dead load, live load, and wind load with various combinations. Simulation results indicate the roof frame design has strength ratios below 1 and is therefore safe. The total material requirements include C75 trusses, battens, braces, screws, spandek sheets, and ridge elements in measured quantities. This lightweight steel roof design is structurally feasible, economical, and supports sustainable building concepts.

Evaluation of Structural Dynamic Parameters of the Old Truss Bridges Using Smartphone-Embedded Sensors

2026-01-30T11:06:56+00:00

Bridges are critical components of transportation infrastructure that experience continuous dynamic loading from traffic and environmental factors, leading to gradual deterioration of structural performance. Conventional Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) systems are often constrained by high cost and operational complexity. This study evaluates the application of smartphone-embedded accelerometers combined with the Ambient Vibration Test (AVT) method to identify the dynamic parameters of old steel truss bridges in Ketapang, West Kalimantan. A non-destructive and cost-effective approach was employed by utilizing daily traffic as a natural excitation source. Several bridges were selected based on service age, visible deterioration, and operational condition. Vibration data were collected using the Resonance Android application, which records acceleration and processes it into frequency spectra. Dominant frequencies and damping ratios were extracted and analyzed to assess the dynamic response of the structures. Field measurements on the Pawan 1 and Pawan 2 bridges revealed that several parameters—such as natural frequency, displacement, and damping ratio—exceeded standard thresholds, indicating potential structural degradation. These findings demonstrate that smartphone-based monitoring can serve as an effective preliminary diagnostic tool, providing valuable insights to support maintenance decisions and guide further detailed structural assessments.

Predicting the Compressive Strength of Ultra-high Strength Geopolymer Concrete Using Multiple Linear Regression

2026-01-30T11:28:16+00:00

The growing demand for sustainable yet high-performance construction materials has intensified research into alternatives to Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC), whose production accounts for approximately 7–8% of global CO₂ emissions. Geopolymer Concrete (GPC), synthesized through the alkali activation of aluminosilicate-rich industrial by-products, has emerged as a promising low-carbon binder. However, the design of Ultra-High-Performance Geopolymer Concrete (UHGC), typically characterized by compressive strengths exceeding 120 MPa, remains highly complex due to the strong sensitivity of mechanical performance to mix composition, activator chemistry, and reinforcement parameters. This study proposes a transparent, data-driven framework for predicting and optimizing UHGC compressive strength using Multiple Linear Regression (MLR). A comprehensive dataset comprising 72 UHGC mixtures (122.9–168.8 MPa) was compiled, incorporating key variables including precursor ratio, Si/Al ratio, steel fiber volume fraction, superplasticizer content, and water-to-binder ratio. The MLR model demonstrated excellent predictive accuracy and generalization, achieving R² values of 0.944 and 0.921 for training and testing datasets, respectively, with low RMSE (~4.5 MPa). Statistical analysis confirmed the dominance of the Si/Al ratio and water-to-binder ratio as the most influential parameters governing UHGC strength. Experimental validation using nine independently designed UHGC mixtures further confirmed the robustness of the model, yielding a high correlation between predicted and measured strengths (R² = 0.954) with a mean absolute percentage error below 1%. The optimal formulation achieved a compressive strength of 168.8 MPa at a Si/Al ratio of approximately 6.0 with 1.0% steel fiber content. Compared to more complex machine learning models, the proposed MLR approach offers competitive accuracy while retaining full interpretability, enabling rational mix design and informed decision-making. This study demonstrates that interpretable predictive modeling can effectively bridge geopolymer chemistry and UHGC mix optimization, providing a practical and sustainable pathway for the development of next-generation ultra-high-performance construction materials.

The Effect of Variations of Mussels and Egg Shells on SCC (Self-Compacting Concrete)

2026-01-30T11:39:39+00:00

Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC) could flow and fill molds without compaction (vibrator). use of cement in concrete mixes is crucial, resulting in increasing construction projects. Therefore, ideas or innovations are needed to reduce cement use by utilizing shellfish and eggshells as cement substitutes. This study used a quantitative method taken through experiments aimed at observing the effect of adding shells and eggshells as cement substitutes in Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC) concrete, with variations in eggshell substitution of 0%, 1.5%, 2.5%, 3.5%, and 4.5%, as well as a shell substitution of 5%, with a concrete compressive strength of 21 MPa, made of cylinders with a diameter of 15 cm and a height of 30 cm, testing fresh concrete using the slump flow method and concrete compressive strength testing was carried out at the ages of 3 days, 7 days, and 28 days. The compressive strength test results for the 28-day immersion in PDAM water yielded a maximum concrete compressive strength of 39.71 MPa at the 1.5% variation, and a minimum compressive strength of 31.22 MPa. The 7-day immersion in PDAM water yielded a maximum compressive strength of 26.35 MPa at the 1.5% variation, and a minimum compressive strength of 21.76 MPa at the 4.5% variation. Furthermore, for the 3-day immersion, the highest compressive strength at the 1.5% variation, with a compressive strength of 27.50 MPa, and the minimum achieved at the 4.5% variation, with a compressive strength of 24.07 MPa.

Evaluation of Drainage System Performance in Flood Control Efforts in Benua Melayu Darat Subdistrict, Pontianak City

2026-01-30T11:55:51+00:00

Benua Melayu Darat, located in South Pontianak Regency, relies heavily on artificial drainage systems to control surface runoff and flooding. However, the area still frequently experiences flooding during high rainfall intensity. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the performance of the drainage system in Benua Melayu Darat District from a hydraulic and non-technical perspective and to identify the dominant factors contributing to channel dysfunction. The evaluation began with hydrological and domestic wastewater analyses to determine the total water volume to be accommodated by the existing channels. A hydraulic analysis was then conducted to determine the channel’s design discharge. Direct field measurements were performed to assess channel dimensions and flow velocity, and non-technical analyses were conducted of sedimentation, waste, and land cover. The results showed that 45% of channels in Benua Melayu Darat District had inadequate capacity to accommodate rainfall and domestic wastewater. Non-technical factors, such as uncontrolled sedimentation rates and garbage blockages, also significantly disrupted channel function. This study shows the need to normalise dimensions and channels, implement low-impact development systems, such as retention ponds, strengthen maintenance programs to ensure adequate drainage, and provide public education on how to maintain or protect the environment to prevent flooding.

Steel Structure Design for a 4-Story Apartment Building on Tanjungpura Street, Pontianak City

2023-11-27T20:56:10+00:00

The construction of apartments on the banks of the Kapuas River in Pontianak City has become an urgent necessity due to high urbanization rates and limited land availability. The design of this steel structure uses the LRFD method based on SNI 1729:2020, SNI 7860:2020, SNI 1726:2019, and SNI 2847-2019 with a Regular Moment Resisting Frame System. The four-story building, measuring 40x30 meters and made of BJ37 steel, uses composite floor slabs, with steel profiles consisting of main beams. The design uses a Moment Resisting Frame (MRF) system to withstand lateral loads on soft soil in Pontianak. The analysis results show a maximum inter-story drift of 26.7 mm, still far below the 80 mm limit according to SNI 1726:2019. This study confirms that the use of BJ37 steel with composite plates significantly reduces dead loads compared to conventional concrete, making it a viable solution for the area. Structural connections at the intersections of beams and columns use high-quality A325 bolts.

Plumbing System Planning (Clean Water and Wastewater Installation) at the Pontianak State Polytechnic Student Dormitory

2023-11-08T03:26:41+00:00

The Politeknik Negeri Pontianak Student Dormitory consists of four floors with a capacity of 345 people, which is dependent on water supply from the Regional Water Company (PDAM). Water availability is often disrupted, especially in the morning. Therefore, this study aims to design a plumbing system that integrates rainwater harvesting (RWH) as an alternative water source, along with clean water and wastewater systems that comply with national standards. The methodology used includes water demand analysis based on the number of residents, evaluation of rainwater harvesting potential from the roof, reservoir capacity calculations, pump specifications, and piping networks up to the septic tank based on Indonesian National Standards (SNI) and other standards. Additionally, the designed piping system considers distribution efficiency, adequate water pressure, and safe sanitation. Based on the calculation in this planning, the use of a rainwater harvesting system can minimize PDAM usage by 11.18%. This plan is expected to provide a sustainable solution for clean water supply in the campus environment, particularly at the Pontianak State Polytechnic Student Dormitory.

Spatial Planning and Development of the Miftahul Ulum Islamic Boarding School Area in Rasau Jaya District, Kubu Raya Regency

2024-04-05T00:27:48+00:00

The Miftahul Ulum Islamic Boarding School (Pondok Pesantren), located in Rasau Jaya District, Kubu Raya Regency, faced problems related to limited facilities and suboptimal spatial arrangement. This condition caused discomfort for students (santri) in their daily activities, including aspects of accommodation, learning, and worship. This research aimed to plan and arrange the pesantren area in an integrated manner by developing a site plan, planning supporting infrastructure, and calculating the estimated budget for the construction of the male dormitory. The research method included a literature review, a field survey, and an analysis of space requirements based on applicable technical standards. The collected data were analyzed descriptively to illustrate the existing conditions, followed by zoning planning for the area using the reference standard SNI 03-1733-2004, and budget calculation based on unit price analysis appropriate to local conditions. The results of the study proposed the division of the area into three zones: public, semi-private, and private, supported by educational, worship, accommodation, and ancillary facilities. The Bill of Quantity (BOQ) calculation showed the estimated cost needed for the construction of the student dormitory, which can serve as a guide for implementation. In conclusion, this research suggests that integrated planning and arrangement of the pesantren area are capable of creating a more organized, comfortable, and sustainable learning environment.

The Influence of Kaolin as an Additive on Concrete Compressive Strength

2024-01-14T13:24:52+00:00

Kaolin is a clay soft, white mineral which can be found in nature and is known as clay stones. This research aimed to investigate the effect of using kaolin as an additive material toward compressive strength of concrete. This was qualitative experimental research which the object being a concrete K-350. The researchers planned K-350 based on the concrete standard for building structure four floors. The kaolin mixture used was at a percentage of 5%, 10%, and 15% of the cement weight according to the job mix formula for K-350 concrete quality. After 28 days, the resulting concrete samples were tested in the laboratory using a compressive strength testing machine. The results showed that the average compressive strength of kaolin 5%, 10%, and 15% were 27.27 MPa, 30.15 MPa and 24.48 MPa. The optimum result of the kaolin mixture was 15%. Based on the result, the researchers did not recommend applying kaolin as an additive material for building structure four floors.

Revitalization of the Akcaya Park in Pontianak City for Green Open Space Planning

2024-04-05T00:35:01+00:00

Akcaya Park is one of the open green spaces that plays an important role in providing recreational facilities, supporting social interaction, and improving environmental quality in Pontianak City. However, the park’s existing condition shows a decline in the quality of its facilities, aesthetics, and spatial utilization, making revitalization efforts necessary. This study aims to design a revitalization concept for Akcaya Park that can optimize its ecological, social, and aesthetic functions in accordance with community needs and technical standards for green open space planning.The methodology includes field surveys, collection of primary and secondary data, analysis of existing conditions, and the preparation of a design concept based on landscape planning principles and relevant technical guidelines. The design takes into account spatial arrangement, circulation, supporting facilities, lighting, vegetation, and environmental sustainability. Based on the design results, the revitalization of Akcaya Park focuses on improving accessibility, comfort, and optimizing the park’s functions, which include upgrading the children’s playground, relaxation garden, parking areas, public toilets, basketball court, waste management facilities, and lighting. This design is expected to meet community needs and contribute to the creation of a green, comfortable, and sustainable city.

Time and Cost Planning Using the Crashing Method in the Construction of the Nuclear Medicine Building of dr. Soedarso

2024-04-05T00:51:11+00:00

The construction of the Nuclear Medicine Building of dr. Soedarso is a strategic effort to improve health services in West Kalimantan, especially in dealing with internal diseases such as cancer and heart. This project has an implementation deadline, so effective and efficient planning is required. This research aims to plan project time and costs using the crashing method, as well as consider aspects of human resources (HR), Occupational Health and Safety (K3), and project communication. The methodology used in the preparation of this final project is secondary data analysis in the form of RAB, AHSP, S curve, and basic price in 2024. The calculation of time and cost is carried out based on two approaches to project acceleration, namely the addition of working hours (overtime) and the addition of manpower. The analysis is complemented by the identification of the amount of labor needed, potential hazards at the work site, PPE needs, and communication used in the project. Normally for structural work, this project requires a cost of IDR 8.17 billion with a duration of 84 days. The results of this planning show that the crashing method with the alternative of adding working hours (overtime) costs IDR 8.19 billion, with a duration of 72 days (12 days faster than the normal duration). The crashing method with the alternative of adding labor costs 1DR 8.18 billion, with a duration of 67 days (17 days faster than the normal duration). Based on the results of these calculations, the crashing method can speed up project completion by considering labor productivity and cost-effectiveness. Recommendations from these results can be used as a consideration in making decisions on the implementation of project acceleration by contractors or other project implementing parties.

The Use of Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) Waste on the Compressive Strength of Concrete Using Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP)

2024-04-05T00:52:49+00:00

The increase in restaurants and online food ordering can increase waste or waste made from Expanded Polystyrene (EPS). Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) can be used as an additive to concrete because it has properties that are difficult to decompose naturally. Along with the development of the times, many innovations have sprung up in the world of construction to increase the strength of structures. The reinforcement of concrete is done by providing alternative materials that are quite popular, namely Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP). This study was conducted to determine the physical properties, mechanical properties of concrete, and the percentage of the use of the most optimum additives that will be applied to the foundation structure using additional materials in the form of Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) with variations of 0%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, and 2.5% and a layer of Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) as much as 1 layer which will be tested compressively, by looking at the effect of two types of water for curing, namely peat water and normal water with a planned concrete quality of 21.7 MPa using a cylindrical concrete mold 15 cm in diameter and 30 cm high. Concrete compressive strength tests were conducted at 7 days and 28 days of concrete age. Based on the test results, there is an increase in the highest water absorption of concrete, namely in the 28-day normal water immersion variation of 2% EPS + FRP by 4.05% The addition of Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) and Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) in concrete can increase the highest concrete compressive strength, namely in the 7-day NORMAL water immersion variation 1.5% EPS + FRP by 27.54 MPa. While the highest concrete strength value in peat water immersion for 7 days of normal variation is 27.10 MPa.

Design of an 8-Story Reinforced Concrete Hotel Building Using a Moment-Resisting Frame System at Sepakat II Street in Pontianak City

2024-07-25T18:31:04+00:00

Pontianak City has experienced a steady increase in tourist arrivals, which has resulted in a higher demand for temporary accommodation facilities. In response to this development, this study presents the structural design of an eight-story reinforced concrete hotel building located on Sepakat II Street in Pontianak City. The structure is designed using an Intermediate Moment-Resisting Frame (IMRF) system to ensure adequate performance under seismic loading conditions. The structural design process was carried out in accordance with the applicable Indonesian National Standards (SNI). Structural analysis was conducted using ETABS software to evaluate the building’s behavior under gravity and earthquake loads, while technical drawings were prepared using AutoCAD and SketchUp. The building utilizes concrete with a compressive strength of f’_c = 30 MPa and reinforcing steel with a yield strength of f_y = 420 MPa. The seismic performance of the structure was evaluated through several parameters, including mass participation ratios, inter story drift limits, natural period verification, and P-Delta effects. The analysis results show that the structural system satisfies all required performance criteria, indicating that the building is capable of resisting seismic forces safely and efficiently. The slab system consists of D10 main reinforcement bars and Ø8 shrinkage reinforcement bars, with slab thicknesses of 150 mm for the roof, 130 mm for typical floors (Levels 1–8), and 160 mm for stair landings. The primary beams (B1) have cross-sectional dimensions of 300 × 600 mm and are reinforced with D19 longitudinal bars, D13 shear reinforcement, and D19 torsional reinforcement. Secondary beams (B2) measure 200 × 400 mm and use D16 longitudinal bars, D13 shear reinforcement, and D16 torsional reinforcement. Columns have a uniform cross-section of 700 × 700 mm and are reinforced with 20D22 longitudinal bars and D13 transverse reinforcement. The foundation system consists of three types of pile foundations using 200 × 200 mm precast concrete piles with reinforced pile caps designed to accommodate varying structural loads.

Utilization of HDPE (High Density Polyethylene) Plastic Waste as A Substitute for Some Cement in the Compressive Strength of Paving Blocks

2024-07-26T03:24:36+00:00

Even in Indonesia, people are starting to take notice of the growing problem of plastic waste in the environment. West Kalimantan is one of many areas in Indonesia that still struggles with garbage management. Waste production will rise in tandem with the population. Hence, one possible solution to this insufficient waste problem is the production of paving blocks from plastic waste. Based on the findings, high-density polyethylene (HDPE) plastic material can replace some of the cement in paving block production. This study employs an experimental approach by fabricating paving blocks with plastic as a partial substitute for cement. A type of plastic known as High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) is utilized. As part of the curing process, two kinds of water PDAM water and peat groundwater are used. Paving blocks made with 0%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, or 12.5% HDPE plastic as a partial cement substitute have a significant impact on the compressive strength of the finished product. At 14 days, the highest compressive strength value was achieved with a 2.5% plastic mixture curing in PDAM water at 21.163 MPa, followed by 20.472 MPa with peat soil water; at 28 days, the highest value was 19.403 MPa with 0% PDAM water, and at 19.32 MPa with 2.5% peat water. Paving blocks made with plastic as a partial cement substitute have an even greater absorption capacity after 14 and 28 days. The plastic paving block with a 2.5% peat variation absorbed 5.1% of the groundwater and the plastic mixture with no PDAM absorbed 4.6% of the water. It follows that high-density polyethylene (HDPE) plastic is not very good at absorbing water.

Utilization of Shell Waste as Fine Aggregate in K225 Quality Concrete

2024-08-08T09:04:40+00:00

Conventional concrete materials derived from natural resources cause environmental problems. This encourages the development of concrete using recycled materials for sustainability reasons. One such material is shellfish, which is used to replace aggregates in concrete, both fine and coarse aggregates. This study conducted an experimental study using shellfish waste as a fine aggregate in a concrete mixture. Utilization of shellfish waste not only reduces environmental problems but can also provide economic value to construction, as well as an effort to conserve natural resources. Shellfish waste was obtained from the coast of Mempawah Regency. The planned test specimens were 15x15x15 cm cubes with a target quality of K225 kg/cm². The test specimens were made with a composition of sand with shellfish sand in proportions of 0%, 5%, 7%, 9%, and 100%. Physical properties of shellfish sand were tested, slump tests were conducted to determine the effect of shellfish sand on concrete viscosity, and concrete compression tests were conducted at the age of 28 days to determine the effect of shellfish sand on concrete strength. The compressive strength test results with 0% substitution = 246.22 kg/cm² or 24.15 MPa. 5% substitution = 211.98 kg/cm² or 20.79 MPa, resulting in a 5.79% decrease in quality. 7% substitution = 195.10 kg/cm² or 19.3 MPa, resulting in a 13.29% decrease in quality. 9% substitution = 176.14 kg/cm² or 17.27 MPa, resulting in a 21.72% decrease in quality. 100% substitution = 155.56 kg/cm² or 15.25 MPa, resulting in a 30.86% decrease in quality. The greater the substitution of the shell sand mixture, the greater the decrease in quality.